House Speaker Philip Gunn says he doesn’t expect a revised state school funding formula to lead to fewer dollars for public education, despite worries from some educators and public education advocates.
“We’re not looking to decrease the amount of money we put in education,” Gunn told Mississippi Today in an interview on Wednesday. “I think we are looking to make it more efficient.”
Some state education advocates have raised concerns that a rewrite of the Mississippi Adequate Education Program, or MAEP, by New Jersey-based nonprofit EdBuild is a veiled attempt to cut school funding.
But Gunn said the opposite is true: “I would respond by saying look at our track record. What have we done over the last five years to indicate a bent toward cutting funding? What have we done that would give anyone reason to believe we lean toward cutting funding. Our track record is more, more, more.”
Indeed, overall K-12 school funding has increased in recent years, even with across the board state budget cuts ordered by Gov. Phil Bryant the past two years. The total appropriation for K-12 education for this fiscal year is $2.58 billion, up from $2.34 billion in 2012.
Gunn said the major purpose of the rewrite of state funding and his primary goal in pushing for a rewrite is to cut down on administrative costs and increase spending on instruction.
He referred to a 2015 report by a legislative watchdog agency analyzing school district spending between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2014. Out of the seven major budget categories, “instruction” — defined as the salaries of teachers and other professional personnel — was the only category to decline.
The report showed that while administrative spending increased by around $15 million during that time period, instructional spending decreased by about $130 million. Spending on plant operations, food services, student support and transportation also increased, according to the report.
Gunn said that in looking for ways to shift spending for administrative functions to instruction in the classroom he does not have an ideal ratio of administrator to student or administrator to teacher in mind.
Gunn said he admired how the Clinton Public School District operated during his time on that school board.
“They do a very good job of … being efficient with administrators,” he said. “In Clinton, as I recall when I was on the school board … some of the younger grades had just one administrator. Clinton is unique in that we have one school for every two grades except for high school, and I think at the high school they have a couple of assistant principals.”
Because EdBuild, the new and relatively unknown group hired by the Legislature, has indicated the new formula would be student-based as compared to program-based, Gunn and his policy team believe issues such as administrative spending could potentially be taken care of in the formula.
And while another teacher pay raise bill is not currently on tap for this session, Gunn said the influx of more instructional dollars as a result of a new formula could indirectly lead to higher teacher pay in some cases. Or, a new formula could give local districts more discretion in determining teachers’ pay, he said.
Gunn also said he hopes that with a push to make spending more efficient, extra dollars are freed up to reduce class sizes.
“I met with a lot of teachers during the off season. And I said, ‘If you could have one thing, what would it be?’ (And they say) small classes,” Gunn said. “They don’t ask for a pay raise … they say smaller class size.”
Gunn also addressed suggestions that tying funding to individual students is a move to allow state funding to more easily be used through vouchers or charter schools. Sen. Hob Bryan, D-Amory, one of MAEP’s authors, is among those who has raised such a concern.
“I don’t know of any proposal on the horizon for that,” Gunn said. “We passed charters three years ago … The program is working, we’re going to see how that goes and let that run for a while.”
“And again, charters and all those types of programs are designed solely to provide increased educational opportunities for some who don’t have it,” Gunn said. “That’s why it’s limited to areas where schools are not performing well.”
Charter schools in Mississippi are currently restricted to school districts rated C, D and F. Opening charters in A and B-rated districts would require approval from the district’s school board.
In her first presentation at the Capitol, EdBuild CEO Rebecca Sibilia repeatedly said EdBuild believes in a student-based formula, or one that determines a base student cost for a regular student. The formula then can be adjusted by adding funds, or weights, for students with certain needs or circumstances. These can include academic status, economic status and any special education requirements, among others.
The MAEP formula the state uses now is what EdBuild refers to as a “hybrid” model, meaning some parts of the formula are student-based while others, such as special education funding, are based on teacher units. The new formula Sibilia advocates presumably would eliminate the “program-based” components.
In the time since Gunn and Lt. Gov. Tate Reeves announced in October that they were hiring EdBuild, some have expressed skepticism, asking how legislative leaders know the MAEP doesn’t work if it’s routinely underfunded.
The skepticism heightened after a legislative committee drafted and passed a policy making the Legislature’s no-bid contract with EdBuild (and all of its contracts) secret. It was only released after the Legislature received a backlash of negative attention and Attorney General Jim Hood wrote a letter to legislative leaders saying their policy was not legal.
While details of the formula will ultimately be up to the Legislature to decide, Gunn’s office said that whatever recommendations EdBuild makes to the Legislature will be made public. When that information will be released is not known at this time, his office said.
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There were public education cuts in the 3rd quarter of 2016 as a result of the “staff error”/”accounting stuff.” Does that not count?
And while class size is definitely an issue, the legislature could alleviate that by giving schools more resources to hire more teachers, along with paying them a decent wage.